WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK

A wireless Sensor network can be effectively used as a tool for gathering data in various situations provided it works with a large number of sensor nodes. It is desirable to make these nodes as cheap and energy-efficient as possible and rely on their large numbers to obtain high quality results. Network protocols must be designed to achieve fault tolerance in the presence of individual node failure while minimizing energy consumption. In addition, since the limited wireless channel bandwidth should be shared among all the sensors in the network, the protocols hired for these networks should be able to perform all the functions well and reduce the bandwidth requirements. One of the major issues in wireless sensor networks is developing an energy efficient routing protocol which has a significant impact on the overall lifetime of the sensor network. Therefore a communication protocol named LEACH (Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) is proposed that partitions the networks into clusters and cluster nodes. LEACH is the first hierarchical cluster-based routing protocol for wireless sensor network which partitions the nodes into clusters, in each cluster a dedicated node with extra privileges called Cluster Head (CH) is responsible for creating and manipulating a TDMA (Time division multiple access) schedule and sending aggregated data from nodes to the BS where these data is needed using CDMA (Code division multiple access). Thus extends the lifetime. It is experimentally proven that this protocol works well in power minimization.